Social network site
A website where people can write information about themselves and share
it with other people.
interests
Activities that you enjoy doing or subjects that you enjoy studying.
advertise
To tell people about a product or service to persuade them to buy or use it.
apply
To officially ask to be considered for a job , place at a college etc by writing a letter.
complicated
Difficult to understand or deal with as it contains many different parts or details.
comment
An opinion that you give about someone or something.
online
connected to the internet.
website
a place on the internet where people can go to find out information about
themselves and share it with other people.
internet
system allowing people s computers around the world to exchange information
connect
To join two places or things together.
device
A machine or tool used for a particular purpose.
digital
using a system in which information is shown in the form of changing electrical signals
Hiigh quality
A good standard
visual
Relating to seeing or your ability to see
Expressions
Unit 10
make comments
يعد تعليقات
have the same interests
لديه نفس الاهتمامات
smart phone
موبايل ذكي
prefer to ….. rather than to
يفضل شيء عن شيء
stand still
يقف ساكن
Keep in touch with
يكون علي اتصال بـ
high quality
جودة عالية
make new friends
يكون صداقات جديدة
digital form
شكل رقمي
the power of thought
قوة التفكير
connect to
يوصل بـ
connect with
علي علاقة بـ
apply for
يتقدم لوظيفة
apply to موقع الطريق المضئ
يتقدم الي شركة او شخص
Facsimile
satellite navigation
Electronic mail
The internet
Television
( fax
( sat nav
( e-mail
(net
(TV
Questions and answers
2
Unit 10
communicate in
يتصل بلغة
communicate with
يتصل بشخص
do research into
يقوم ببحث في
go on a business trip
يقوم برحلة عمل
based on
قائم علي
share ….. with
يشارك مع
help……with
يساعد في
live on
يعيش علي
Mr: Hesham
Future Tensesأزمنة المستقبل
Unit 10
1- ( shall أو will + المصدر أولاً ((
1-To express a future fact التعبير عن حقيقة ( I'll be 18 next year.
2 -To decide something quickly. اتخاذ قرار بعمل شيء ( I'll have coffee, please
3- To offer to do something في حالة العرض ( I'll clean the car for you
( Shall I help you? و في العرض Shall we have a party? في تكوين الاقتراح shall تستخدم (
4- To make an arrangement الترتيب لعمل شيء ( I'll see you this evening
5– To promise الوعد . ( I will buy you a car when you succeed.
6- To make a threat التهديد موقع الطريق المضئ ( I'll resign if I don't get a pay rise.
7-To predict event التنبؤ بالأحداث ( The next generation of phones will be expensive
. لاحظ استخدام المستقبل البسيط غالبا مع هذة التعبيرات (
I believe / I feel sure / Perhaps / I expect / I'm sure / I think / I don't think / I wonder
probably / I suppose /I hope / definitely /
(There is a good film on TV about science fiction. I think you will enjoy it.
( I expect we will be able to send texts by the power of thought.
♣ My brother is clever .I think he will be a doctor .الصفات الشخصية لا تعتبر دليل
2- ( am - is – are + going to + ( المصدر
(تعبر عن 1 – نية مخطط لها من قبل ( intentions / plans / and decisions / want )
♣ We have already decided ( planned) . We are going to buy a new house next year.
♣ I want to buy a new car so I'm going to save a lot of money.
Do you intend to buy a new mobile? Are you going to buy a new mobile?
2 – حدث سيحدث بناء على دليل : The chair is broken. You are going to fall .
♣ The sky is dark and cloudy. I think it is going to rain.
(It’s my train ticket . I am going to take the train to Luxor this afternoon.
♣ Watch out .You are going to break the vase♣ I listened to the weather forecast. It’s going to rain
3- ( The Present Continuous Tense زمن المضارع المستمر )
( نستخدم المضارع المستمر am- is – are + v+ ing )) للتعبير عن فعل في المستقبل تم الترتيب له )
♣ I can’t meet you tomorrow. I’m seeing the dentist.
♣ I am leaving the office at 11. ( I have permission )
♣ We have arranged everything. We are giving a party tomorrow.
I have arranged everything to build a villa . I am building a villa.
4-(The Present Simple Tense زمن المضارع البسيط)
1- نستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حدث مستقبلي طبقاً لجدول زمني Timetable
♣ The train leaves at 6 o'clock. ♣ The final exams take place in next June.
♣Tomorrow is Friday : Calendar 2 – يستخدم لتعبير عن التقويم
♣ After I finish university, I will look for a job. ويستخدم بعد الروابط الزمنية في المستقبل 3-
Making plans and promises
♣Do you have any plans…?
♣I promise that I will ………………
♣I am planning to …………..
♣I promise I won’t
Unit 11
clothe
يكسو
fortunately
لحسن الحظ
governess
مربية
accidentally
مصادفة
feed
يطعم
unfortunately
لسوء الحظ
contact
يتصل
think of
يفكر في
naughty
شقي
furniture
اثاث
countryside
الريف
miss
يفقد
right
حق
miserable
بائس
set off
يبدأ رحلة
in addition
بالإضافة
silent
صامت
brief
مختصر
icy
جليدي
a vet
بيطري
behave
يتصرف
deserve
يستحق
hoof
حافر الفرس
surprised
مندهش
opposite
عكس
shout at
يصيح في
enormous
ضخم
jumper
بلوفر
member
عضو
notice
يلاحظ
gentleman
جنتلمان
gloves
قفاز
provide
يقدم
position
موقع
slip
ينزلق
sunny
مشمس
rule
قاعدة
nearby
قريب
rider
راكب
sunglasses
نظارة
relations
أقارب
refer to
يشير إلي
pain
الم
discomfort
إزعاج
adult
بالغ
offer
يقدم
manage to
ينجح في
exactly
بالظبط
servant
خادم
distance
مسافة
follow
يتبع
research
يبحث
lock
يحبس
settle in / into
يستقر
slide
ينزلق
degree
درجة
decade
عقد
fortnight
أسبوعين
century
قرن
millennium
الفية
Definition
governess
A woman who lives with a family and teaches children at home.
hoof
The foot of an animal such as a horse
settle in
Start to feel happy after moving to a new home
clothe
To provide clothes for someone
icy
covered in ice
dislike
To hate / opposite of like
naughty
To behave badly
miserable
To be very sad ( unhappy )
relation
Is a member of your family
slip
Accidentally slide so that you fall
contact
Communicate with
silent
Not to make any sound
right
A rule which allows you to do something
Prepositions and expressions
provide for
يقدم - يوفر
have the right to
لديه الحق في
Provide with
يزود
get on well with
ينسجم جيداً مع
settle down / in
يستقر
manage to
ينجح في – يتمكن من
shout at
يصيح في – يسب
instead of
بدلاً من
set off - out
يبدأ رحلة
spend money on
ينفق مال علي
kind to
عطوف مع
climb on to the roof
يصعد علي السطح
contact with
يحتك بــ / يتصل بـ
come from a poor family
يأتي من أسرة فقيرة
run towards
يجري تجاه
throw to the ground
يطرحه ارضاً
call for
يدعو - يستدعي
covered in / with
مغطي بــ
Fاو F وجمع الكلمات المنتهية بـ Irregular plural الجمع الشاذ
a man
men
a woman
women
a child
children
a foot
feet
a goose
geese
a tooth
teeth
a wolf
wolves
a knife
knives
a wife
wives
a half
halves
a shelf
shelves
a loaf
loaves
a hoof
hoofs - hooves
a proof
Proofs
a roof
roofs
Agreeing with opinion
disagreeing with opinion
Id go along with that
I think so
I m completely against
I don't agree
I couldn't agree more
Ok
I don't think so
I disagree with
That's true
You are right
Id say the opposite
Thats not always true
Past perfet
Unit 11
الماضي التام The Past Perfect
يتكون الماضي التام من : ( التصريف الثالث Had + pp ) وفي المبني للمجهول يتكون من ( had been + pp )
(He discovered that he had lost his wallet .الماضي التام هو فعل حدث قبل فغل ماضي آخر
(She was crying because she had lost her gold ring.
( When I got home , I realised that I had forgotten my mobile at school .
( قواعد متعلقة بالماضي التام )
After ) as soon as ( ( when ) + ماضي تام + ماضي بسيط
(After he had watched TV, He went to bed. / ( When I had reached the station , the train left.
(As soon as I had finished studying, I played football
(He went to bed but before that he had watched TV ( before that = after )لاحظ أن
ماضي بسيط منفي till / until ---- ماضي تام
(He didn't go out till he had taken the money / (We didn't eat until our father had arrived.
(My son refused to sleep until he had done his homework ..
It wasn't until --- ماضي تام that--- ماضي بسيط
( It wasn't until he had slept that we left / (It wasn't until 1960s that TV was invented
(It wasn’t until they had turned off the light that they went out.
It was only when ماضي تام that ماضي بسيط
(It was only when he had died that I fainted (It was only when he had left that I was sad.
(It was only when they had turned the light off that they went out.
2 – يأتي الماضي التام والماضي البسيط مع التعبيرات الآتية ومعناها ( لم يكد ........حتى )
(No sooner ----- than ---/ ( Scarcely – Barely – Hardly ) -------- when -------
(He had no sooner arrived than the train left. / (Sama had scarcely gone out when it rained .
( She had hardly studied when she slept.
( ولكن إذ ا طلب أن نبد أ بـ (No sooner/Hardly/Scarcely ) فإننا نقدم had علي الفاعل
(No sooner had I bought a car than it was stolen. /
( Scarcely had she watched TV when she slept
( Hardly had she studied when she slept.
( Before-by the time( when ) - ماضي بسيط + ماضي تام
(Before he went to bed, he had watched TV. (Before he arrived, she had cooked lunch.
(By the time I sent the letter, I had written it. ( When the doctor arrived , the patient had died
(I had written the letter ; after that I sent it ( after that = before )لاحظ أن
(By six o’clock , I had seen the match. ماضي تام فقط ( by + period of time ) يأتي بعد
3 – إذ ا لم يأتي بعد After /before فاعل فيأتي بعدهم (v + ing)
(After reading the book, he gave it to me.
( Before brushing his teeth, he had had dinner . = After having dinner , he brushed his teeth .
كل القواعد السابقة يمكن ان يأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط ثم ماضي بسيط
(After I washed myself , I prayed . = Before I prayed , I washed myself .
(No sooner did I put on my clothes than I went out .
( As soon as I watched the match , I went out .
On + v = ing
الفعلين يحدثان في نفس اللحظة ( on ) مع
(On seeing the snake , I ran away
(When I saw the snake , I ran away .
People at work
5
Unit 12
request
طلب
carpenter
نجار
excitement
إثارة
air host
مضيف
caller
متصل
furniture
أثاث
foreign
أجنبي
attendant
مضيف
note down
بدون
inspector
مفتش
waiter
نادل
surgery
جراحة
address
يخاطب
education
تربية
serve food
يقدم طعام
surgeon
جراح
confirm
يؤكد
educational
تربوي
restaurant
مطعم
airline شركة طيران
booking
حجز
colleague
زميل
fireman
رجل إطفاء
note down
يدون
culture
ثقافة
customer
زبون
fire
نار
side
جانب
oasis
واحة
apply for
يتقدم لــ
on fire
محترق
topic
موضوع
secretary
سكرتير
encourage
يشجع
set fire
يشعل نار
fly
يطير
training
تدريب
practical
عملي
pilot
طيار
flightرحلة طيران
duties
واجبات
investment
استثمار
material
مادة خام
bakery
مخبز
ambition
طموح
invest
يستثمر
satisfaction
قناعة
bake
يخبز
continent
قارة
sales
مبيعات
satisfactory
مرضي
exploration
استكشاف
train ( in )
يدرب
contact
يتصل
satisfy
يرضي
dentistطبيب أسنان
certificate
شهادة
laboratory
معمل
on my own
بمفردي
teeth
أسنان
course
دورة
method
طريقة
skills
مهارات
cleaner
منظف
boss
رئيس
uniform
زى موحد
interpret
يترجم
resident
مقيم
documents
وثائق
manual
يدوي
translate
يترجم
shack
كوخ
experiments
تجارب
labour
عمل
translator
مترجم
shanty
كوخ
qualification
مؤهل
housing
إسكان
downtown
وسط البلد
legal
شرعي
qualified
مؤُهل
sights
معالم
air hostess
مضيفة
illegalغير شرعي
guard
حارس
pay
مرتب
snack
وجبة خفيفة
imaginaryخيالي
scientific
علمي
link
صلة
reference
مرجع
sanitationصحة عامة
Definitionsتعريفات
apply
to officially ask to be considered for a job , a place at a college
improve
to become better or to make something better.
qualifications
an examination that you have passed at school or university.
attendant
someone who takes care of public place and deal with customers.
advertisement
a set of words or pictures in a newspaper, a magazine etc .
course
a series of lessons about a subject.
translate
is to change speech or writing from one language into another.
an architect
an architect designs flats , villas , houses etc .
a customer
is a person who buys things at a shop
lifeguard
helps swimmers who are in danger at the beach or swimming pool
Expressions and prepositione
get to
يصل إلي
work as
يعمل كـ
apply to
يتقدم الي مكان
turn on
يفتح
at the end of
في نهاية
look up
يبحث في معجم
mix together
يخلط معا
reason for
سبب لـ
apply for
يتقدم لوظيفة
put into
يضع في
cause of
سبب لـ
have to
يجب أن
full of
مملوء بـ
work for
يعمل عند
in the end
اخيراً
cut out of
ينزع من
work with
يعمل مع
end
غاية / نهاية
think about
يفكر في
train in
يدرب علي
an hour
في الساعة
talk to
يتحث إلي
translate into
يترجم الي
Travel agent’s
مكتب سياحة
talk about
يتحدث عن
find out
يكتشف
at the weekend
في نهاية الاسبوع
stay at - in
يقيم في
point out
يبين
a course in
دورة تدريبية في
epMed Speech الغير مباشر
6
Unit 12
Statements الجمل الخبرية
say(s)
say(s)فعل لازم
say(s) to
tell (s)فعل متعدي
تحويل فعل القول (
said
said
said to
told
( تحذف inverted commas و يمكن استخدام that أو تحذف.
( لاحظ تغيير الضمائر ( ضمير المتكلم يعود علي ما قبل say وضمير المخاطب علي ما بعد say:
تتغير الأزمنة من مضارع إلى ماضي و من ماضي إلى ماضي تام إذا كان فعل القول ماضي:
والماضي البسيط الي ماضي تام مستمر والافعال الناقصة الي ماضيها مثل
Should / must / would / could افعال ناقصة لا تتحول في الغير مباشر لان ليس لها ماضي
لاحظ تغير الكلمات الآتية عند تحويل الأزمنة this that / these those / here there /
today that day / Tomorrow the next day / next the following / yet by then
yesterday the day before / last the previous / ago before / Now then
Last week the week before the previous weekالأسبوع السابق ./ tonight that night
(He said to me “I will travel to Port Said tomorrow”
(He told me that he would travel to port said the next day.
(She said to her brother, “I phoned you yesterday”
( She told her brother that she had phoned him the day before.
لاحــظ: إذا كـان داخـل الأقـواس أكثـر مـن جمـلة نربـط الثانية بـ and added that
(She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had been very ill.
Used to او ( I wish / If only في الحالة الثانية والثالثة وبعد قاعدة ( ( if لاحظ عدم تغير الأزمنة بعـد ((
( He said, " If I had won , I would have been happy ."
( He said that if he had won , he would have been happy .
( لا نحول الأزمنة اذا كان فعل القول مضارع
(Rania says that she will travel to London (Rania says, “I will travel to London..
لا نحول الأزمنة اذا كان فعل القول ماضي والجملة حقيقة أو قيلت من فترة قصيرة
(Ali said to Ramy, “ The earth is round.” ( Ali told Ramy that the earth is round. ( fact )
(He said just now, “ No one is allowed to leave.”
(He said just now that no one is allowed to leave.
تحويل الجملة الامرية
يتحـول فعــل القـول إلى :ـ ordered – asked – told – advised - begged
فى الأمــر المثبـت نستخــدم ( المصـدر + to )
(He said to his son “study hard and you will get high marks”
(He advised his son to study hard and he would get high marks .
في الأمــر المنفـى نستخـدم ( المصـدر + not to )
(He said to me “don’t waste your time.” (He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time.
(He told me not to make noise in class and to be quiet.
تحويل السؤال في الغير مباشر
( ask / wonder / want to know / Can you tell me نحول فعل القول إلي (
( if / whether ) إذا كان السؤال بأداة استفهام نربط بنفس الأداة وإذا كان بفعل مساعد نربط بـ (
نتبع نفس الخطوات الخاصة بالضمائر والكلمات والأزمنة مثلما حدث مع الجملة الخبرية (
في السؤال الغير مباشر لا نقدم الفعل المساعد علي الفاعل ولا نضع علامة استفهام في الأخر ( (Mona said to Amr , " When will your father visit my father ?"
(Mona asked Amr when his father would visit her father .
(She said to me, " Did you attend the party yesterday ?
(She asked me If I had attended the party the day before .
Great works of engineering
7
Unit 13
works
أعمال فنية
include
يشمل
waterway
ممر مائي
plan
خطة
railway
سكة حديد
bridge
كوبري
take over
يتولي مسئولية
foreign
اجنبي
line
خط
incredible
مذهل
both
كليهما
central
مركزي
affect
يؤثر علي
altogether
تماماً
direction
اتجاه
several
عديد
effect
تاثير
earthquake
زلزال
authority
سلطة
arrange
يرتب
waterway
ممر مائي
lighthouse
منارة
charge
يسدد رسوم
group
مجموعة
caller
متصل
damage
تلف
income
دخل
adviser
مستشار
stage
مرحلة
tunnel
نفق
section
قسم - قطاع
background
خلفية
facts
حقائق
tower
برج
take care
يعتني
employ
يوظف
exactly
بالضبط
mention
يذكر
Asia
اسيا
employee
موظف
point
نقطة
link
يوصل
Europe
أوروبا
charity
إحسان
altitude
ارتفاع
shorten
يقصر
take part
يشارك
remove
يزيل
supply
مخزون
journey
رحلة
take place
يحدث
honest
أمين
amazing
مذهل
Universal
عالمي
take off
يخلع
opinion
راي
extremely
للغاية
operate
يشغل
take away
يزيل
exam
امتحان
frozen
مجمد
permanently
دائماً
plate
طبق
nervous
عصبي
highlight
يركز ضوء
temporary
مؤقت
climber
متسلق
nearly
تقريباً
Definitions
altitude
the height above sea level
frozen ground
ground that is hard because the temperature is below zero. Like ice.
run
to go from one place to another at regular times.
supply
an amount of something that can be used.
sea level
the average level of the sea , used as a standard of measuring the heights
stages
state or levels that someone or something reaches in a process.
permanently
lasting for a long time for ever
affect
to cause a change in someone or something.
charge
to ask someone to pay a particular amount of money for something
operate
to manage and control a business
section
one of the parts that an object , group , place , etc , is divided into.
Shorten
to make something short
take over
you win a control
Waterway
river or stream
income
it is money you earn.
Take + حروف جر
Take off
يخلع - تقلع
Take part
يشارك
Take away
يزيل – يبعد
Take after
يشبه
Take place
يحدث
Take care of
يعتني بـ
Take to
يدمن
Take in
يمتص – يأوي
Take in
يستوعب – يخدع
Take on
يوظف
Take up
يشغل حيز
Take over
يتولي مسئولية
Special Difficulties
work
عمل ( لا تجمع )
People don’t go to work on national holidays .
works
أعمال فنية وهندسية
Mr Hesham read all the works of William Shakespeare.
Take care of
يعتني بـ
We should take care of ( look after ) our environment.
Take over
يتولي مسئولية
Who takes over your family when your father travels ?
affect
يؤثر علي
Pollution affects our health badly .
effect
تاثير
Pollution has a bad effect on our health .
In charge of
مسئول عن
Who is in charge of the department ?
e Passive Voice المبني للمجهول
8
Unit 13
am – is – are + ( pp )المبني للمجهول في المضارع
Was – were + ( pp ) المني للمجهول قي الماضي
(All the passengers are given a supply of oxygen.
(Passengers are carried at 120 kilometres an (hour by train specially built for high altitudes.
(The Suez Canal is used by 50 ships daily
(The field is irrigated.
(The line was built in two stages .
(This stage was opened in 2006.
(Jane Eyre was written by Charlotte
(One of our windows was broken
(The road was built through the desert.
طريقة التحويل :من مبني للمعلوم لمبني للمجهول
1- المفعول يصبح فاعل والعكس
في نفس زمن أو حالة الفعل الأساسي 3- التصريف الثالث للفعل ( be )نضع ن 2-
Active : The maid keeps the house clean. الفاعل يقوم بالفعل في المبني للمعلوم
Passive :The house is kept clean by the maidالفاعل يقع عليه الفعل في المبني للمجهول
Active : I am going to furnish the flat.
Passive : The flat is going to be furnished by me.
=============================================================================
Active : They are playing football. Passive : Football is being played by them.
Active : I have been reading this story. Passive : This story has been read by me.
Active : We will have to cancel the flight. Passive : The flight will have to be cancelled.
Active : We will start to build a new house . Passive : A new house will start to be built .
Active : I don't understand what he said . Passive ; What he said isn't understood by me .
إذا وجـد بالجمـلة مفعـولين استخدم أي منهما فاعـلا وإذا بدأت بالمفعـول غيـر العاقـل نستخـدم to – for .
Active : I gave them the good presents Passive : They were given the good presents.
Or The good presents were given to them
لاحـــظ :ـ طـريقـة تحـويـــل الجمـــل الآتيـة إلـى المبنـى للمجهـــول .
Active : I want her to give me another chance. Passive : I want to be give another chance.
Active : I don’t like people deceiving me. Passive : I dont like being deceived .
The thief killed the woman and ran away. The woman was killed by the thief who ran away.
Active : Nobody helped them. Passive : They were not helped by anybody.
Active : I don't like people cheating me. Passive: I don't like being cheated by people .
الأفعـال التى يليها المصـدر بـدون to فى المجهــول يأتي بعــدها ( المصـدر + to ) .
Active : He made us leave. Passive : We were made to leave.
Active : I saw Ahmed go out . Passive : Ahmed was seen to go out
We dont play football in the street. Football isnt played in the street.
She didnt write this letter. This letter wasnt written by her
الجمـلة الاستفهامية
(Do people speak Arabic all over the world ? ( Is Arabic spoken all over the world ?
(Where did he hide the book ? ( Where was the book hidden by him ?
( Who speaks English ? ( Who is English spoken by ?
( Who did you meet yesterday ? ( Who was met by you yesterday ?
When does Ahmed play music ? When is music played by Ahmed?
Language Function
Ask for advice
Give advice
Can I ask your advice ..?
I think that you should
Whats your advice?
If I were you , I would ..
What should I do to keep fit ?
You should do exercise .
Unit 14
exploreيستكشف
compareيقارن
rescuerمنقذ
finalنهائي
explorationاستكشاف
ideaفكرة
weighيزن
finallyأخيراً
balloonمنطاد / بالون
a partnerشريك
weightوزن
listقائمة
lawالقانون
argumentجدال
raceسباق / سلالة
menuقائمة طعام
lawyerمحامي
arrestيقبض علي
humanityالبشرية
go roundيدور / يلف
realiseيدرك / يحقق
crimeجريمة
fortuneثروة / حظ
worldالعالم
realizationإدراك
criminalمجرم
rocketصاروخ
shipسفينة
fictionخيال
commit يرتكب
submarineغواصة
boatمركب / قارب
scienceعلم / علوم
serveيخدم / يقدم
saveينقذ / يوفر
horseback ظهر خيل
plays مسرحيات
servantخادم
savingsمدخرات
notes ملاحظات
typeنوع
serviceخدمة
aliveحي
find outيكتشف
novelistروائي
agreementاتفاق
dieيموت
sampleعينة
authorمؤلف
disagreementعدم اتفاق
deadميت
returnيعود
writerكاتب
fogضباب
deathالموت
end نهاية / غاية
articleمقال
foggyكثير الضباب
acrossعبر
at the endفي النهاية
poemقصيدة
kidnapيختطف
lateمتأخر
in the endأخيرا
poetشاعر
rescueينقذ /إنقاذ
missيفتقد / يفقد
describeيصف
poetryشعر
fortunatelyلحسن الحظ
fuelوقود
descriptionوصف
come outيظهر
relaxيهدأ / يسترخي
luxuryترف / رفاهية
collect يجمع
Definitionsتعريفات
Exploration
Travelling through an unfamiliar area to find out what it is like.
Balloon
A small coloured rubber bag filled with air to use as a toy or decoration
Come out
Become available for people to buy,
Fiction
Books and stories about imaginary people and events.
Argument
Disagreement, especially one in which people talk loudly.
Criminal
Someone who is proved guilty of a crime.
Agreement
An arrangement to do something made by two or more people, etc.
Servant
Someone whose job is to live in someone's house to serve him.
Lawyer
A person advises people about the law and speaks for them in the court.
Realize
You suddenly know something
criminal
Someone who does something wrong or commits a crime
kidnapped
Taken until someone gives money for the person to be free .
collocation
catch
A ball // a bus // a train // a criminal //a disease // a flight // fish // a thief // infection
miss
A bus // a train // flight // lecture // you // my friends // a record // peace of mind
lose
A match // a race // weight // money // my mobile // a ball // a criminal
Special Difficulties
The story was published in 1883. = The story came out in 1883.
The earliest type of air travel was the hot air balloon.
Win ( a match - a cup a race championship a medal money from a game or gambling )
Earn ( his living - money from work or a job )
Gain يكسب معنويا ( reputation – fame – weight – experience )
Collect money for a charity يجمع مال للجمعية الخيرية
Servant خادم يأخذ أجر // slave عبد ( لا يأخذ أجر ) // in a hurry علي عجل // route خط سير – مسار
Mr: Hesham
10
Relative Pronouns
10
Unit 14
Who – whom – which – that – whose – where - when
ضمير وصل بمعنى الذي / التي يحل محل الفاعل العاقل ويتبعه فعل أوتحل محل المفعول 1- ( Who / that)
Ali who ) that ) cured the patient is a surgeon. يأتي بعدها فعل
(The boy who ( that ) I talked to was smart. يأتي بعدها فاعل
تحل محل المفعول العاقل ويتبعه فاعل وفعل وممكن ان يأتي قبله حرف جر 2- ( Whom )
(My grandfather is the person who(m) I like best .
(This is the girl whom / that he saved. (The man who / whom / that I lived with was honest.
(The man with whom I lived was honest. ( ( who / that ) لانستخدم حرف جر قبل .
3 – ( Which / that ) تحل محل الفاعل أو المفعول الغير عاقل
(English is the subject which I like best of all the subjects at school .
(Marwa bought a mobile which / that was expensive.
( I killed the dog which ( that ) bit my son
( The car , which I saw yesterday , was expensive.
that قبل ضمير الوصل لانستخدم comma عند وجود
تحل محل الملكية their - his – her – our- 's ) ) للعاقل وغير العاقل ويتبعها اسم 4 – Whose
( The cat whose tail was long ate the fish. (I know a boy whose father is an engineer.
تحل محل المكان ومعناها حيث = ( in / at which ) 5 Where
(This is the house where we live. (This is the house in which we live.
(This is the house which we live in. (This is the house we live in (This is the school where we learn (This is the place where we had a picnic last year .
تحل محل الوقت أو الزمن = ( in / on / at which ) 6 – When
(Ramadan is the month . We fast in it./ (Ramadan is the month when we fast.
(July is the month when he was born.
(July is the month in which he was born.
حذف ضمير الوصل
1 – يتم حذف كل من اذا كان مفعولا ( who – which – whom )
(This is the man who I met yesterday . ( This is the man I met yesterday .
2 – إذا جاء بعدهم زمن مستمر وهنا نحذف الضمير و (verb to be ) ويتبقى (v + ing )
(The man who is standing there is my friend. (The man standing there is my friend.
3 – إذا جاء بعدهم صيغة مبنى للمجهول وهنا نحذف أيضا الضمير و ( verb to be ) ويبقي التصريف الثالث
(The thief who was arrested yesterday, robbed the bank.
(The thief, arrested yesterday , robbed the bank. ( I like the plays written by Shakespeare
4- نختصر جملة الوصل باستخدام صفة قبل الاسم
( The shirt which I bought was made of silk . (I bought a silk shirt .
(The lady who I met had blonde hair . ( I met a lady with blonde hair
Mr: Hesham
11
Phobia
11
Unit 15
phobiaخوف / فوبيا
stoneحجر
in sessionمنعقد
relaxيسترخي / يهدأ
fearالخوف
rockصخرة
situationموقف
pickيلتقط
dizzyمصاب بدوار
injuredمصاب
therapistالمعالج
expertخبير
get overيشفي / يتغلب
injuryإصابة
virtueفضيلة
percentفي المائة
panicرعب / يفزع
holeحفرة / ثقب
virtualافتراضي
sufferيعاني
avoidيتجنب
scoreيسجل
heightطول / ارتفاع
sufferingمعاناة
avoidanceاجتناب
goal هدف
reasonسبب
remindيذكر
spiderعنكبوت
aimهدف / يهدف
causeيسبب / سبب
failيفشل
webشبكة / نسيج
targetهدف
treatيعامل / يعالج
failureالفشل
buildingsمباني
dryجاف
treatmentعلاج
disappointedمحبط
dollدمية / عروسة
droughtالجفاف
patientمريض / صبور
disappointment خيبة
overcrowdedمزدحم
drynessجفاف
patienceالصبر
informيبلغ
spaceفضاء / فراغ
rainمطر / تمطر
hurtيصيب / يؤذي
questionnaireاستبيان
spacious واسع / فسيح
dustتراب / غبار
harmضرر/ أذي
nervousعصبي
sharksسمك القرش
dustyمترب / غباري
harmfulمؤذي / ضار
nervesأعصاب
darkمظلم
dusterمنفضة
assistantمساعد / بائع
take offتقلع
lightضوء / خفيف
ownيمتلك
assistيساعد
landتهبط
lightenيضيء / ينير
affectيؤثر علي
assertيؤكد
cloudyكثير السحب
ancientقديم
effectتأثير
customer زبون / عميل
make notesيدون أفكار
hateيكره
rationalعقلاني / منطقي
frightened ofخائف من
exchangeيتبادل
hatredكراهية
irrationalغير عقلاني
bridgeجسر / كوبري
changeيغير
birthميلاد
sessionجلسة
remainsاثار / بقايا
convertيحول
enforceيفرض بالقوة
fairعادل
harshقاسي \ مؤلم
trialمحاكمة /محاولة
sentenceيحكم علي
legalقانوني /شرعي
seriousجاد \ خطير
lawقانون
Definition
phobia
A strong unreasonable fear of something
panic
A feeling of fear that makes you unable to think clearly.
space
Amount of an area that's empty or available to be used.
disappoint
To make someone unhappy as something good that is hoped didn't happen.
questionnaire
A set of written questions answered by people to provide information.
session
A period of time used for a particular purpose.
therapist
Someone whose job is to do a particular type of therapy.
virtual
Used to say that something is almost true.
treatment
A cure for an illness or injury.
irrational
Not reasonable.
doll
A small toy in the shape of a person.
patient
A sick person.
Language notes
(Treat ( يعالج مرض ) This medicine will treat your cough.
(Heal ( يلتئم للجروح ) Your wounds will heal after using this ointment مرهم .
(Lose يفقد – يخسر He lost his money / Our team lost the match / I lost my temper
(Waste يضيع – يبذر Don’t waste your time / He wasted his money .
(Miss يفتقد He missed the bus / She missed her friends / He missed his lecture .
(Phobia خوف مرضي I have a phobia about ( of )the heights ) .
(I have a nightmare كابوس ( bad dream )
(What do you think of traveling on the underground .
(Believe in yourself = Be confident of yourself.
Mr: Hesham
12
P Possibility and deduction
12
Unit 15
( في حالة التعبير عن الاستنتاج في المضارع نستخدم:
( When we are sure about something, we use : ( must + infinitive )في الإثبات
(Ali must be happy. He has just won a gold medal.
(Nadia lived in England for 20 years, so she must speak English well
(I'm sure she is blind = She must be blind
( When we are sure about something, we use : ( can't + infinitive )في النفي
(He can’t be cold. He isn’t wearing a jacket
(I'm sure, he isn't the killer. = He can't be the killer
( I am certain that he isn’t clever. He can’t be clever.
( I am not sure / It is possible( probable ) / I have no idea / I don't know = might + المصدر
It is probable that he will pass the exam . = He might pass the exam
( Perhaps she speaks German well. She may speak German well.
The tourist might beAmeri can because he has an English guidebook
.( أحيانا يمكن أن تعبر الجملة عن الاستمرار وفي هذه الحالة نستخدم:
( What is Ali doing in his room? I'm not sure. He might be studying.
( What is Linda doing? She must be working on her computer.
( في حالة الاستنتاج في الماضي:
( Must have + PP. تعبر عن استنتاج مثبت مؤكد في الماضي
(It must have been cold there. There is snow on the ground in the photo.
(The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.
(Can’t have + PP. تعبر عن استنتاج منفي مؤكد في الماضي
( He was here a minute ago. He can’t have gone too far.
(They can’t have had lunch. Their food is in the fridge
(Might have + PP . تعبر عن شيء أقل احتمالا في الحدوث
( I lost my mobile at school. I hope someone might have found it
(I can’t find my book. I might have left it at home.
(We didn’t see Tarek at the sports club today. He might not have been there
.( وإذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن الاستمرار نستخدم:
( What was he doing in the early morning? He must have been doing the exercises.
( The light was on in his room after midnight He must have been studying.
I've no idea if it had rained. ( might ) It might have rained….
( تستخدم should /ought to / had better/ is supposed to + inf. عادة للتعبير عن النصيحة:
(In summer, tourists should wear a hat ( You ought not to sit in the sun
. ( You had better not look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
( تستخدم should have + PP. للتعبير عن أن شيء كان يجب أن يحدث وتفيد اللوم :
(You shouldn’t have arrived late for your exam ( I’m sorry! I ought to have come-on time.
(You should have done your homework ( You shouldn't have parked your car here.
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Language Functions
Guessing and deducing information
(I think they must have ( built it to make travelling by sea easier ).
(Well, they might have used (thousands of workers).
(I'm sure it can't have been easy.
(Surely, it must have cost a lot of money.
Mr: Hesham
13
Todays world problems
13
Unit 16
diversity
تنوع
get rid of
يتخلص من
percent
في المائة
quarter
ربع
bio
حيوي
insects
حشرات
achieve
يحقق
products
منتجات
species
جنس
die of
يموت من
survive
يبقي حياً
secondly
ثانيا
remote
بعيد
cut down
يقطع
feed
يطعم
store
يخزن
extinct
منقرض
forest
غابة
population
السكان
reclaim
يستصلح
disappear
يختفي
protect
يحمي
uncertain
غير مؤكد
hectare
هكتار
activities
انشطة
in danger
في خطر
production
الانتاج
process
عملية
a role
دور
climate
مناخ
growth
النمو
develop
ينمي
ecosystem
نظام بيئي
change
تغير
shortage
نقص
define
يعرف
certain
معين
matter
يهم
suitable
مناسب
definition
تعريف
discover
يكتشف
Text
نص
polar
قطبي
litter
زبالة
human
انسان
reasons
أسباب
bear
دب
waste
مخلفات
agricultural
زراعي
raise
يربي
Arctic
القطب الشمالي
argue
يجادل
recycle
يدور
electric
كهربائي
function
وظيفة
habitat
موطن
التعريفات Definitions
species
Group of animals or plants of the same kind .
ecosystem
The animals and plants in an area and their relation to each other.
get rid of
Throw away, sell something so that you dont have it any more.
extinct
Describing an animal or plant that no longer exists.
habitats
Natural environment in which a plant or animal lives
climate change
Changes to the weather patterns because of the increases of co2/
threat
Something that may case damage to a person or a thing.
Survive
Continue to live or exist in a difficult situation .
agricultural
Related to the work of growing crops and keeping animals on farms.
hectare
A unit of measuring an area of land , equal to 10-000 square metres.
process
A series of things you do to achieve a particular result.
production
The process of making or growing things , or the amount thats produced
store
To put things away and keep them until you need them
suitable
Right or acceptable for a particular purpose or situation.
Focus on phrases with keep
Keep up with
يساير - يجاري
Keep in
يحتجز شخصا ما
Keep on
يستمر في
Keep out of
يمنع شخص من
Keep up
يواصل – يواظب – يواصل العمل الجيد
Keep off
يمنع – يبعد عن
(I watch TV to keep up with the current events. (He kept on making mistakes
(Keep up the good work. ( Keep the bad boys in
(They are good girls who try to keep out of troubles. ( keep off the grass.
Expressions and prepositions
Suitable for
مناسب لـ
useful for
مفيد لـ
Shortage of
نقص في
Turn into
يتحول لـ
Answer to
إجابة لـ
Cut down
يرشد – يقطع
Raise animals
يربي حيوانات
Become worse
تزداد سوءا
Do a project
يعمل مشروع
Make suggestion
يقدم اقتراح
Biodiversity
عدد النباتات والحيوانات
On the other side
علي الجانب الآخر
Turn desert into
يحول الصحراء الي
Less productive
اقل انتاجية
Mr: Hesham
14
Future Perfect المستقبل التام
14
Unit 16
يتكون المستقبل التام من :
Will have +pp التصريف الثالث // ( will have been + pp التصريف الثالث
يدل المستقبل التام علي انتهاء فعل في المستقبل
( by + a period of time ) أو ( in + two years' time ) لاحظ استخدام المستقبل التام مع الآتي (
( By the year 2100, millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been saved.
( By 2050, the world population will have grown to about nine billion.
( By the time she marries , she will have graduated
(The project will have been finished by 2020.
(The house will have been built by next month.
(The bridge will have been built in three months' time
( My will have prepared lunch by 1.00 o'clock.
في المستقبل التام ( In – on – at يحل محل حروف الجر ( ( by )لاحظ ان حرف الجر
( My friend will have graduated by August .
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
( I will build a house in May.المستقبل البسيط يعبر عن بداية الحدث
( I will be studying English at this time tomorrow .المستقبل المستمر يعبر عن استمرار فعل في المستقبل
( I will have decorated the flat by Octtober.المستقبل التام يعبر عن انتهاء حدث في المستقبل
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The Causative with have and get
لنقول ان شخص آخر قام بالفعل ( have ( get ) +المفعول +التصريف الثالث )نستخدم هذا التعبير
(I don’t cut my hair. I have my hair cut.
= My hair is cut by the barber
(Dina has the flat cleaned every week
= Dina's flat is cleaned every week by someone else.
(Do you usually get your room cleaned ? No, I clean it myself.
(Before the meeting, the manager always gets the reports typed
( I didn't have my car washed yesterday .
(We can’t go into the living room because we are having it decorated
ألسببي يساوي المبني للمجهول ويمكن استخدامهما في أي زمن ( get / have ) استخدام
( After I had had my hair cut , I had a shower.
( While I was getting my mobile fixed , I drank some coffee .
(We always get our clothes washed. (Our clothes are washed for us.)
(I had my teeth checked yesterday. (My teeth were checked yesterday.)
(Ali is getting his car repaired. (Ali’s car is being repaired.)
(Did you have your meal prepared?
(They had the mobile phone mast turned on.
(هذا التركيب يعني أن شخصا آخر غير الفاعل هو الذي قام بالفعل: { Have ( get )+ object + pp }
(Did you paint the house yourself? ( No, I had it painted.
( The barber is going to cut my hair. ( I am going to get my hair cut.
Making Suggestions
How / What about …..? Why don’t we ……..? Shall we ……..? Let’s ………..You could ………
That’s a great idea عند قبول الاقتراح / Sorry , I am busy or I’m not keen on …… عند الرفض
Mr: Hesham
15
Conan Doyle
15
Unit 17
بوليس سري detective
إصابةinjury
يتحرى investigate
يحدث take place
الأدبliterature
إبداع creation
تحري investigation
غليون للتدخين pipe
قائم علي on based
سلسلةseries
محيرperplexing
يمحو wipe
يزين decorate
يرتكب commit
إسطورة legend
مندهشsurprised
صاحبة عقار landlady
نصير / مشجع fan
اسطوريlegendary
قائم علي based on
يحل solve
معروف / جميل favour
خائف frightened
يصعد go up
وصف description
طابق floor
قلق worried
يشبه take after
خيالي fictional
صحبة company
مرعوب terrified
يشبه look like
بدني physical
حدث action
يتلفdamage
يدفع لأجل pay for
تعبير expression
كلب صيد hound
ضخم enormous
الدفع payment
شخصياتcharacters
يورث inherit
يخمن guess
يطلب ask for
ملاحظةobservation
ميراث inheritance
يطعم feed
يكسر / فسحة break
مشهدscene
وريث an heir
يدرب train
يلوم blame
جريمة crime
عقيدة belief
متضايق bored
يهتم / رعاية care
يحمي protect
بري / وحشيwild
ممل boring
مهملcareless
حماية protection
الجوع hunger
ملل boredom
خطأ fault
مجرم criminal
يغرق drown
يفسر explain
يوعد / وعد promise
سر غامض mystery
آثار قدم footprints
تفسير explanation
يتوقعexpect
غامض mysterious
بصمات fingerprints
متحير puzzled
الأمية illiteracy
مصاب injured
عادي ordinary
يتبادل exchange
شخص أمي illiterate
Definition
based on
used particular information or facts as a point to develop an idea or a plan
crime
an illegal action that can be punished by law.
decorate
to put new paint or paper on the walls of a room or a building.
detective
a police officer whose job is to discover the person who commits a crime.
landlady
a woman that you rent a room or a house from.
Scene
a short part of a play or a film, when the events happen in one place.
Inherit
To receive money , propertyعقار from a relative who had died
injury
A physical harm that someone suffers from an accident or attack
legend
An old story often about brave people and their adventures.
physical
Relating to someone’s body rather than their mind
investigate
To find out about something such as a crime or an accident.
face
The front part of your head, where your eyes , nose and mouth are
shoot
To kill or injure someone with a gun
terrified
Very frightened
expression
a look on someone’s face.
hound
A dog used for hunting
solve
to find an answer to a problem.
fictional
not real , imaginary
Expressions
Die of يموت من
believe in يؤمن بـ
break into يقتحم مكان
go up يصعد
Laugh atيسخر من
models ofنماذج من
instead of بدلاً من
pay for يدفع لـ
Belong to ينتمي الي
worried about قلق علي
steal from يسرق من
ask for يطلب
Example ofمثال لـ
welcome to مرحبا بـ
near to بالقرب من
sit on يجلس علي
Pay someone a visit
يزور شخصاً ما
solve a crime
يحل جريمة
(arrive on the scene of the crimeيصل الي مشهد الجريمة
(With a terrified expression on his face تعبير مروع علي وجهه
Mr: Hesham
16
The Passive المبني للمجهول
16
Unit 17
زمن أو حالة الفعل في ( be طريقة التحويل : 1- المفعول فاعل والعكس 2 – نضع (
3 – التصريف الثالث للفعل الأساسي Active : The maid keeps the house clean. Passive :The house is kept clean by the maid
Active : She cleaned the room. Passive : The room was cleaned by her.
Active : They are playing football. Passive : Football is being played by them.
Active : I have been reading this story. Passive : This story has been read by me.
Active : We will have to cancel the flight. Passive : The flight will have to be cancelled.
Active : We will start to build a new house . Passive : A new house will start to be built .
Active : I don't understand what he said . Passive ; What he said isn't understood by me .
لاحـــظ :ـ طـريقـة تحـويـــل الجمـــل الآتيـة إلـى المبنـى للمجهـــول .
Active : I don’t like people deceiving me. Passive : I don’t like being deceived .
The thief killed the woman and ran away. The woman was killed by the thief who ran away.
Active : Nobody helped them. Passive : They were not helped by anybody.
Active : I don't like people cheating me. Passive: I don't like being cheated by people .
الأفعـال التى يليها المصـدر بـدون to فى للمجهــول يأتي بعــدها ( المصـدر + to ) .
Active : He made us leave. Passive : We were made to leave.
Active : I let Ahmed go out . Passive : Ahmed was allowed to go out.
إذا جــاء الفاعـل والمفعـول واحـد فى الجمـلة نستخـدم ضميـر عاكـس .
Active : He made other people laugh at him. Passive : He made himself be laughed at.
الفعــل have لا يبنـى للمجهـــول ويحـــول إلـى ما يســاويــه فـى المعنــى .
Have = own – possess – belong to – suffer – eat – buy – spend – take
Active : I have a car . Passive : A car is ( possessed – owned ) by me.
إذا وجـد بالجمـلة مفعـولين استخدم أي منهما فاعـلا وإذا بدأت بالمفعـول غيـر العاقـل نستخـدم to – for .
Active : I gave them the good presents
Passive : They were given the good presents. Or The good presents were given to them.
تحـول الأفعال اللازمة يتم بطريقتين كالاني
It is + pp + that + ( sentence ) / فاعل الجملة الثانية + ( be ) + pp + to + مصـدر
ضمير ـ اسـم + ( be ) + pp + to + have + pp ( في الماضي )
Active : People expect that he will win the Nobel Prize.
It is expected that he will win the Nobel Prize. He is expected to win the Nobel Prize.
Active : We think that she was late Passive : She is thought to have been late .
Say – think believe – consider – know – claim – announce – report – allege – expect – deny
الجمـلة الاستفهامية
(Do people speak Arabic all over the world ?
( Is Arabic spoken all over the world ?
(Where did he hide the book ? ( Where was the book hidden by him ?
( Who speaks English ? ( Who is English spoken by ?
( Who did you meet yesterday ? ( Who was met by you yesterday ?
الجمــلة الأمــــــرية
( Let + ( objectالمفعول ) + be + pp في الإثبات
Open the door / Let the door be opened
( Don't let + ( objectالمفعول ) + be + ppفي النفي
Don't waste your time /
Don't let your time be wasted
A website where people can write information about themselves and share
it with other people.
interests
Activities that you enjoy doing or subjects that you enjoy studying.
advertise
To tell people about a product or service to persuade them to buy or use it.
apply
To officially ask to be considered for a job , place at a college etc by writing a letter.
complicated
Difficult to understand or deal with as it contains many different parts or details.
comment
An opinion that you give about someone or something.
online
connected to the internet.
website
a place on the internet where people can go to find out information about
themselves and share it with other people.
internet
system allowing people s computers around the world to exchange information
connect
To join two places or things together.
device
A machine or tool used for a particular purpose.
digital
using a system in which information is shown in the form of changing electrical signals
Hiigh quality
A good standard
visual
Relating to seeing or your ability to see
Expressions
Unit 10
make comments
يعد تعليقات
have the same interests
لديه نفس الاهتمامات
smart phone
موبايل ذكي
prefer to ….. rather than to
يفضل شيء عن شيء
stand still
يقف ساكن
Keep in touch with
يكون علي اتصال بـ
high quality
جودة عالية
make new friends
يكون صداقات جديدة
digital form
شكل رقمي
the power of thought
قوة التفكير
connect to
يوصل بـ
connect with
علي علاقة بـ
apply for
يتقدم لوظيفة
apply to موقع الطريق المضئ
يتقدم الي شركة او شخص
Facsimile
satellite navigation
Electronic mail
The internet
Television
( fax
( sat nav
(net
(TV
Questions and answers
2
Unit 10
communicate in
يتصل بلغة
communicate with
يتصل بشخص
do research into
يقوم ببحث في
go on a business trip
يقوم برحلة عمل
based on
قائم علي
share ….. with
يشارك مع
help……with
يساعد في
live on
يعيش علي
Mr: Hesham
Future Tensesأزمنة المستقبل
Unit 10
1- ( shall أو will + المصدر أولاً ((
1-To express a future fact التعبير عن حقيقة ( I'll be 18 next year.
2 -To decide something quickly. اتخاذ قرار بعمل شيء ( I'll have coffee, please
3- To offer to do something في حالة العرض ( I'll clean the car for you
( Shall I help you? و في العرض Shall we have a party? في تكوين الاقتراح shall تستخدم (
4- To make an arrangement الترتيب لعمل شيء ( I'll see you this evening
5– To promise الوعد . ( I will buy you a car when you succeed.
6- To make a threat التهديد موقع الطريق المضئ ( I'll resign if I don't get a pay rise.
7-To predict event التنبؤ بالأحداث ( The next generation of phones will be expensive
. لاحظ استخدام المستقبل البسيط غالبا مع هذة التعبيرات (
I believe / I feel sure / Perhaps / I expect / I'm sure / I think / I don't think / I wonder
probably / I suppose /I hope / definitely /
(There is a good film on TV about science fiction. I think you will enjoy it.
( I expect we will be able to send texts by the power of thought.
♣ My brother is clever .I think he will be a doctor .الصفات الشخصية لا تعتبر دليل
2- ( am - is – are + going to + ( المصدر
(تعبر عن 1 – نية مخطط لها من قبل ( intentions / plans / and decisions / want )
♣ We have already decided ( planned) . We are going to buy a new house next year.
♣ I want to buy a new car so I'm going to save a lot of money.
Do you intend to buy a new mobile? Are you going to buy a new mobile?
2 – حدث سيحدث بناء على دليل : The chair is broken. You are going to fall .
♣ The sky is dark and cloudy. I think it is going to rain.
(It’s my train ticket . I am going to take the train to Luxor this afternoon.
♣ Watch out .You are going to break the vase♣ I listened to the weather forecast. It’s going to rain
3- ( The Present Continuous Tense زمن المضارع المستمر )
( نستخدم المضارع المستمر am- is – are + v+ ing )) للتعبير عن فعل في المستقبل تم الترتيب له )
♣ I can’t meet you tomorrow. I’m seeing the dentist.
♣ I am leaving the office at 11. ( I have permission )
♣ We have arranged everything. We are giving a party tomorrow.
I have arranged everything to build a villa . I am building a villa.
4-(The Present Simple Tense زمن المضارع البسيط)
1- نستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حدث مستقبلي طبقاً لجدول زمني Timetable
♣ The train leaves at 6 o'clock. ♣ The final exams take place in next June.
♣Tomorrow is Friday : Calendar 2 – يستخدم لتعبير عن التقويم
♣ After I finish university, I will look for a job. ويستخدم بعد الروابط الزمنية في المستقبل 3-
Making plans and promises
♣Do you have any plans…?
♣I promise that I will ………………
♣I am planning to …………..
♣I promise I won’t
Unit 11
clothe
يكسو
fortunately
لحسن الحظ
governess
مربية
accidentally
مصادفة
feed
يطعم
unfortunately
لسوء الحظ
contact
يتصل
think of
يفكر في
naughty
شقي
furniture
اثاث
countryside
الريف
miss
يفقد
right
حق
miserable
بائس
set off
يبدأ رحلة
in addition
بالإضافة
silent
صامت
brief
مختصر
icy
جليدي
a vet
بيطري
behave
يتصرف
deserve
يستحق
hoof
حافر الفرس
surprised
مندهش
opposite
عكس
shout at
يصيح في
enormous
ضخم
jumper
بلوفر
member
عضو
notice
يلاحظ
gentleman
جنتلمان
gloves
قفاز
provide
يقدم
position
موقع
slip
ينزلق
sunny
مشمس
rule
قاعدة
nearby
قريب
rider
راكب
sunglasses
نظارة
relations
أقارب
refer to
يشير إلي
pain
الم
discomfort
إزعاج
adult
بالغ
offer
يقدم
manage to
ينجح في
exactly
بالظبط
servant
خادم
distance
مسافة
follow
يتبع
research
يبحث
lock
يحبس
settle in / into
يستقر
slide
ينزلق
degree
درجة
decade
عقد
fortnight
أسبوعين
century
قرن
millennium
الفية
Definition
governess
A woman who lives with a family and teaches children at home.
hoof
The foot of an animal such as a horse
settle in
Start to feel happy after moving to a new home
clothe
To provide clothes for someone
icy
covered in ice
dislike
To hate / opposite of like
naughty
To behave badly
miserable
To be very sad ( unhappy )
relation
Is a member of your family
slip
Accidentally slide so that you fall
contact
Communicate with
silent
Not to make any sound
right
A rule which allows you to do something
Prepositions and expressions
provide for
يقدم - يوفر
have the right to
لديه الحق في
Provide with
يزود
get on well with
ينسجم جيداً مع
settle down / in
يستقر
manage to
ينجح في – يتمكن من
shout at
يصيح في – يسب
instead of
بدلاً من
set off - out
يبدأ رحلة
spend money on
ينفق مال علي
kind to
عطوف مع
climb on to the roof
يصعد علي السطح
contact with
يحتك بــ / يتصل بـ
come from a poor family
يأتي من أسرة فقيرة
run towards
يجري تجاه
throw to the ground
يطرحه ارضاً
call for
يدعو - يستدعي
covered in / with
مغطي بــ
Fاو F وجمع الكلمات المنتهية بـ Irregular plural الجمع الشاذ
a man
men
a woman
women
a child
children
a foot
feet
a goose
geese
a tooth
teeth
a wolf
wolves
a knife
knives
a wife
wives
a half
halves
a shelf
shelves
a loaf
loaves
a hoof
hoofs - hooves
a proof
Proofs
a roof
roofs
Agreeing with opinion
disagreeing with opinion
Id go along with that
I think so
I m completely against
I don't agree
I couldn't agree more
Ok
I don't think so
I disagree with
That's true
You are right
Id say the opposite
Thats not always true
Past perfet
Unit 11
الماضي التام The Past Perfect
يتكون الماضي التام من : ( التصريف الثالث Had + pp ) وفي المبني للمجهول يتكون من ( had been + pp )
(He discovered that he had lost his wallet .الماضي التام هو فعل حدث قبل فغل ماضي آخر
(She was crying because she had lost her gold ring.
( When I got home , I realised that I had forgotten my mobile at school .
( قواعد متعلقة بالماضي التام )
After ) as soon as ( ( when ) + ماضي تام + ماضي بسيط
(After he had watched TV, He went to bed. / ( When I had reached the station , the train left.
(As soon as I had finished studying, I played football
(He went to bed but before that he had watched TV ( before that = after )لاحظ أن
ماضي بسيط منفي till / until ---- ماضي تام
(He didn't go out till he had taken the money / (We didn't eat until our father had arrived.
(My son refused to sleep until he had done his homework ..
It wasn't until --- ماضي تام that--- ماضي بسيط
( It wasn't until he had slept that we left / (It wasn't until 1960s that TV was invented
(It wasn’t until they had turned off the light that they went out.
It was only when ماضي تام that ماضي بسيط
(It was only when he had died that I fainted (It was only when he had left that I was sad.
(It was only when they had turned the light off that they went out.
2 – يأتي الماضي التام والماضي البسيط مع التعبيرات الآتية ومعناها ( لم يكد ........حتى )
(No sooner ----- than ---/ ( Scarcely – Barely – Hardly ) -------- when -------
(He had no sooner arrived than the train left. / (Sama had scarcely gone out when it rained .
( She had hardly studied when she slept.
( ولكن إذ ا طلب أن نبد أ بـ (No sooner/Hardly/Scarcely ) فإننا نقدم had علي الفاعل
(No sooner had I bought a car than it was stolen. /
( Scarcely had she watched TV when she slept
( Hardly had she studied when she slept.
( Before-by the time( when ) - ماضي بسيط + ماضي تام
(Before he went to bed, he had watched TV. (Before he arrived, she had cooked lunch.
(By the time I sent the letter, I had written it. ( When the doctor arrived , the patient had died
(I had written the letter ; after that I sent it ( after that = before )لاحظ أن
(By six o’clock , I had seen the match. ماضي تام فقط ( by + period of time ) يأتي بعد
3 – إذ ا لم يأتي بعد After /before فاعل فيأتي بعدهم (v + ing)
(After reading the book, he gave it to me.
( Before brushing his teeth, he had had dinner . = After having dinner , he brushed his teeth .
كل القواعد السابقة يمكن ان يأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط ثم ماضي بسيط
(After I washed myself , I prayed . = Before I prayed , I washed myself .
(No sooner did I put on my clothes than I went out .
( As soon as I watched the match , I went out .
On + v = ing
الفعلين يحدثان في نفس اللحظة ( on ) مع
(On seeing the snake , I ran away
(When I saw the snake , I ran away .
People at work
5
Unit 12
request
طلب
carpenter
نجار
excitement
إثارة
air host
مضيف
caller
متصل
furniture
أثاث
foreign
أجنبي
attendant
مضيف
note down
بدون
inspector
مفتش
waiter
نادل
surgery
جراحة
address
يخاطب
education
تربية
serve food
يقدم طعام
surgeon
جراح
confirm
يؤكد
educational
تربوي
restaurant
مطعم
airline شركة طيران
booking
حجز
colleague
زميل
fireman
رجل إطفاء
note down
يدون
culture
ثقافة
customer
زبون
fire
نار
side
جانب
oasis
واحة
apply for
يتقدم لــ
on fire
محترق
topic
موضوع
secretary
سكرتير
encourage
يشجع
set fire
يشعل نار
fly
يطير
training
تدريب
practical
عملي
pilot
طيار
flightرحلة طيران
duties
واجبات
investment
استثمار
material
مادة خام
bakery
مخبز
ambition
طموح
invest
يستثمر
satisfaction
قناعة
bake
يخبز
continent
قارة
sales
مبيعات
satisfactory
مرضي
exploration
استكشاف
train ( in )
يدرب
contact
يتصل
satisfy
يرضي
dentistطبيب أسنان
certificate
شهادة
laboratory
معمل
on my own
بمفردي
teeth
أسنان
course
دورة
method
طريقة
skills
مهارات
cleaner
منظف
boss
رئيس
uniform
زى موحد
interpret
يترجم
resident
مقيم
documents
وثائق
manual
يدوي
translate
يترجم
shack
كوخ
experiments
تجارب
labour
عمل
translator
مترجم
shanty
كوخ
qualification
مؤهل
housing
إسكان
downtown
وسط البلد
legal
شرعي
qualified
مؤُهل
sights
معالم
air hostess
مضيفة
illegalغير شرعي
guard
حارس
pay
مرتب
snack
وجبة خفيفة
imaginaryخيالي
scientific
علمي
link
صلة
reference
مرجع
sanitationصحة عامة
Definitionsتعريفات
apply
to officially ask to be considered for a job , a place at a college
improve
to become better or to make something better.
qualifications
an examination that you have passed at school or university.
attendant
someone who takes care of public place and deal with customers.
advertisement
a set of words or pictures in a newspaper, a magazine etc .
course
a series of lessons about a subject.
translate
is to change speech or writing from one language into another.
an architect
an architect designs flats , villas , houses etc .
a customer
is a person who buys things at a shop
lifeguard
helps swimmers who are in danger at the beach or swimming pool
Expressions and prepositione
get to
يصل إلي
work as
يعمل كـ
apply to
يتقدم الي مكان
turn on
يفتح
at the end of
في نهاية
look up
يبحث في معجم
mix together
يخلط معا
reason for
سبب لـ
apply for
يتقدم لوظيفة
put into
يضع في
cause of
سبب لـ
have to
يجب أن
full of
مملوء بـ
work for
يعمل عند
in the end
اخيراً
cut out of
ينزع من
work with
يعمل مع
end
غاية / نهاية
think about
يفكر في
train in
يدرب علي
an hour
في الساعة
talk to
يتحث إلي
translate into
يترجم الي
Travel agent’s
مكتب سياحة
talk about
يتحدث عن
find out
يكتشف
at the weekend
في نهاية الاسبوع
stay at - in
يقيم في
point out
يبين
a course in
دورة تدريبية في
epMed Speech الغير مباشر
6
Unit 12
Statements الجمل الخبرية
say(s)
say(s)فعل لازم
say(s) to
tell (s)فعل متعدي
تحويل فعل القول (
said
said
said to
told
( تحذف inverted commas و يمكن استخدام that أو تحذف.
( لاحظ تغيير الضمائر ( ضمير المتكلم يعود علي ما قبل say وضمير المخاطب علي ما بعد say:
تتغير الأزمنة من مضارع إلى ماضي و من ماضي إلى ماضي تام إذا كان فعل القول ماضي:
والماضي البسيط الي ماضي تام مستمر والافعال الناقصة الي ماضيها مثل
Should / must / would / could افعال ناقصة لا تتحول في الغير مباشر لان ليس لها ماضي
لاحظ تغير الكلمات الآتية عند تحويل الأزمنة this that / these those / here there /
today that day / Tomorrow the next day / next the following / yet by then
yesterday the day before / last the previous / ago before / Now then
Last week the week before the previous weekالأسبوع السابق ./ tonight that night
(He said to me “I will travel to Port Said tomorrow”
(He told me that he would travel to port said the next day.
(She said to her brother, “I phoned you yesterday”
( She told her brother that she had phoned him the day before.
لاحــظ: إذا كـان داخـل الأقـواس أكثـر مـن جمـلة نربـط الثانية بـ and added that
(She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had been very ill.
Used to او ( I wish / If only في الحالة الثانية والثالثة وبعد قاعدة ( ( if لاحظ عدم تغير الأزمنة بعـد ((
( He said, " If I had won , I would have been happy ."
( He said that if he had won , he would have been happy .
( لا نحول الأزمنة اذا كان فعل القول مضارع
(Rania says that she will travel to London (Rania says, “I will travel to London..
لا نحول الأزمنة اذا كان فعل القول ماضي والجملة حقيقة أو قيلت من فترة قصيرة
(Ali said to Ramy, “ The earth is round.” ( Ali told Ramy that the earth is round. ( fact )
(He said just now, “ No one is allowed to leave.”
(He said just now that no one is allowed to leave.
تحويل الجملة الامرية
يتحـول فعــل القـول إلى :ـ ordered – asked – told – advised - begged
فى الأمــر المثبـت نستخــدم ( المصـدر + to )
(He said to his son “study hard and you will get high marks”
(He advised his son to study hard and he would get high marks .
في الأمــر المنفـى نستخـدم ( المصـدر + not to )
(He said to me “don’t waste your time.” (He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time.
(He told me not to make noise in class and to be quiet.
تحويل السؤال في الغير مباشر
( ask / wonder / want to know / Can you tell me نحول فعل القول إلي (
( if / whether ) إذا كان السؤال بأداة استفهام نربط بنفس الأداة وإذا كان بفعل مساعد نربط بـ (
نتبع نفس الخطوات الخاصة بالضمائر والكلمات والأزمنة مثلما حدث مع الجملة الخبرية (
في السؤال الغير مباشر لا نقدم الفعل المساعد علي الفاعل ولا نضع علامة استفهام في الأخر ( (Mona said to Amr , " When will your father visit my father ?"
(Mona asked Amr when his father would visit her father .
(She said to me, " Did you attend the party yesterday ?
(She asked me If I had attended the party the day before .
Great works of engineering
7
Unit 13
works
أعمال فنية
include
يشمل
waterway
ممر مائي
plan
خطة
railway
سكة حديد
bridge
كوبري
take over
يتولي مسئولية
foreign
اجنبي
line
خط
incredible
مذهل
both
كليهما
central
مركزي
affect
يؤثر علي
altogether
تماماً
direction
اتجاه
several
عديد
effect
تاثير
earthquake
زلزال
authority
سلطة
arrange
يرتب
waterway
ممر مائي
lighthouse
منارة
charge
يسدد رسوم
group
مجموعة
caller
متصل
damage
تلف
income
دخل
adviser
مستشار
stage
مرحلة
tunnel
نفق
section
قسم - قطاع
background
خلفية
facts
حقائق
tower
برج
take care
يعتني
employ
يوظف
exactly
بالضبط
mention
يذكر
Asia
اسيا
employee
موظف
point
نقطة
link
يوصل
Europe
أوروبا
charity
إحسان
altitude
ارتفاع
shorten
يقصر
take part
يشارك
remove
يزيل
supply
مخزون
journey
رحلة
take place
يحدث
honest
أمين
amazing
مذهل
Universal
عالمي
take off
يخلع
opinion
راي
extremely
للغاية
operate
يشغل
take away
يزيل
exam
امتحان
frozen
مجمد
permanently
دائماً
plate
طبق
nervous
عصبي
highlight
يركز ضوء
temporary
مؤقت
climber
متسلق
nearly
تقريباً
Definitions
altitude
the height above sea level
frozen ground
ground that is hard because the temperature is below zero. Like ice.
run
to go from one place to another at regular times.
supply
an amount of something that can be used.
sea level
the average level of the sea , used as a standard of measuring the heights
stages
state or levels that someone or something reaches in a process.
permanently
lasting for a long time for ever
affect
to cause a change in someone or something.
charge
to ask someone to pay a particular amount of money for something
operate
to manage and control a business
section
one of the parts that an object , group , place , etc , is divided into.
Shorten
to make something short
take over
you win a control
Waterway
river or stream
income
it is money you earn.
Take + حروف جر
Take off
يخلع - تقلع
Take part
يشارك
Take away
يزيل – يبعد
Take after
يشبه
Take place
يحدث
Take care of
يعتني بـ
Take to
يدمن
Take in
يمتص – يأوي
Take in
يستوعب – يخدع
Take on
يوظف
Take up
يشغل حيز
Take over
يتولي مسئولية
Special Difficulties
work
عمل ( لا تجمع )
People don’t go to work on national holidays .
works
أعمال فنية وهندسية
Mr Hesham read all the works of William Shakespeare.
Take care of
يعتني بـ
We should take care of ( look after ) our environment.
Take over
يتولي مسئولية
Who takes over your family when your father travels ?
affect
يؤثر علي
Pollution affects our health badly .
effect
تاثير
Pollution has a bad effect on our health .
In charge of
مسئول عن
Who is in charge of the department ?
e Passive Voice المبني للمجهول
8
Unit 13
am – is – are + ( pp )المبني للمجهول في المضارع
Was – were + ( pp ) المني للمجهول قي الماضي
(All the passengers are given a supply of oxygen.
(Passengers are carried at 120 kilometres an (hour by train specially built for high altitudes.
(The Suez Canal is used by 50 ships daily
(The field is irrigated.
(The line was built in two stages .
(This stage was opened in 2006.
(Jane Eyre was written by Charlotte
(One of our windows was broken
(The road was built through the desert.
طريقة التحويل :من مبني للمعلوم لمبني للمجهول
1- المفعول يصبح فاعل والعكس
في نفس زمن أو حالة الفعل الأساسي 3- التصريف الثالث للفعل ( be )نضع ن 2-
Active : The maid keeps the house clean. الفاعل يقوم بالفعل في المبني للمعلوم
Passive :The house is kept clean by the maidالفاعل يقع عليه الفعل في المبني للمجهول
Active : I am going to furnish the flat.
Passive : The flat is going to be furnished by me.
=============================================================================
Active : They are playing football. Passive : Football is being played by them.
Active : I have been reading this story. Passive : This story has been read by me.
Active : We will have to cancel the flight. Passive : The flight will have to be cancelled.
Active : We will start to build a new house . Passive : A new house will start to be built .
Active : I don't understand what he said . Passive ; What he said isn't understood by me .
إذا وجـد بالجمـلة مفعـولين استخدم أي منهما فاعـلا وإذا بدأت بالمفعـول غيـر العاقـل نستخـدم to – for .
Active : I gave them the good presents Passive : They were given the good presents.
Or The good presents were given to them
لاحـــظ :ـ طـريقـة تحـويـــل الجمـــل الآتيـة إلـى المبنـى للمجهـــول .
Active : I want her to give me another chance. Passive : I want to be give another chance.
Active : I don’t like people deceiving me. Passive : I dont like being deceived .
The thief killed the woman and ran away. The woman was killed by the thief who ran away.
Active : Nobody helped them. Passive : They were not helped by anybody.
Active : I don't like people cheating me. Passive: I don't like being cheated by people .
الأفعـال التى يليها المصـدر بـدون to فى المجهــول يأتي بعــدها ( المصـدر + to ) .
Active : He made us leave. Passive : We were made to leave.
Active : I saw Ahmed go out . Passive : Ahmed was seen to go out
We dont play football in the street. Football isnt played in the street.
She didnt write this letter. This letter wasnt written by her
الجمـلة الاستفهامية
(Do people speak Arabic all over the world ? ( Is Arabic spoken all over the world ?
(Where did he hide the book ? ( Where was the book hidden by him ?
( Who speaks English ? ( Who is English spoken by ?
( Who did you meet yesterday ? ( Who was met by you yesterday ?
When does Ahmed play music ? When is music played by Ahmed?
Language Function
Ask for advice
Give advice
Can I ask your advice ..?
I think that you should
Whats your advice?
If I were you , I would ..
What should I do to keep fit ?
You should do exercise .
Unit 14
exploreيستكشف
compareيقارن
rescuerمنقذ
finalنهائي
explorationاستكشاف
ideaفكرة
weighيزن
finallyأخيراً
balloonمنطاد / بالون
a partnerشريك
weightوزن
listقائمة
lawالقانون
argumentجدال
raceسباق / سلالة
menuقائمة طعام
lawyerمحامي
arrestيقبض علي
humanityالبشرية
go roundيدور / يلف
realiseيدرك / يحقق
crimeجريمة
fortuneثروة / حظ
worldالعالم
realizationإدراك
criminalمجرم
rocketصاروخ
shipسفينة
fictionخيال
commit يرتكب
submarineغواصة
boatمركب / قارب
scienceعلم / علوم
serveيخدم / يقدم
saveينقذ / يوفر
horseback ظهر خيل
plays مسرحيات
servantخادم
savingsمدخرات
notes ملاحظات
typeنوع
serviceخدمة
aliveحي
find outيكتشف
novelistروائي
agreementاتفاق
dieيموت
sampleعينة
authorمؤلف
disagreementعدم اتفاق
deadميت
returnيعود
writerكاتب
fogضباب
deathالموت
end نهاية / غاية
articleمقال
foggyكثير الضباب
acrossعبر
at the endفي النهاية
poemقصيدة
kidnapيختطف
lateمتأخر
in the endأخيرا
poetشاعر
rescueينقذ /إنقاذ
missيفتقد / يفقد
describeيصف
poetryشعر
fortunatelyلحسن الحظ
fuelوقود
descriptionوصف
come outيظهر
relaxيهدأ / يسترخي
luxuryترف / رفاهية
collect يجمع
Definitionsتعريفات
Exploration
Travelling through an unfamiliar area to find out what it is like.
Balloon
A small coloured rubber bag filled with air to use as a toy or decoration
Come out
Become available for people to buy,
Fiction
Books and stories about imaginary people and events.
Argument
Disagreement, especially one in which people talk loudly.
Criminal
Someone who is proved guilty of a crime.
Agreement
An arrangement to do something made by two or more people, etc.
Servant
Someone whose job is to live in someone's house to serve him.
Lawyer
A person advises people about the law and speaks for them in the court.
Realize
You suddenly know something
criminal
Someone who does something wrong or commits a crime
kidnapped
Taken until someone gives money for the person to be free .
collocation
catch
A ball // a bus // a train // a criminal //a disease // a flight // fish // a thief // infection
miss
A bus // a train // flight // lecture // you // my friends // a record // peace of mind
lose
A match // a race // weight // money // my mobile // a ball // a criminal
Special Difficulties
The story was published in 1883. = The story came out in 1883.
The earliest type of air travel was the hot air balloon.
Win ( a match - a cup a race championship a medal money from a game or gambling )
Earn ( his living - money from work or a job )
Gain يكسب معنويا ( reputation – fame – weight – experience )
Collect money for a charity يجمع مال للجمعية الخيرية
Servant خادم يأخذ أجر // slave عبد ( لا يأخذ أجر ) // in a hurry علي عجل // route خط سير – مسار
Mr: Hesham
10
Relative Pronouns
10
Unit 14
Who – whom – which – that – whose – where - when
ضمير وصل بمعنى الذي / التي يحل محل الفاعل العاقل ويتبعه فعل أوتحل محل المفعول 1- ( Who / that)
Ali who ) that ) cured the patient is a surgeon. يأتي بعدها فعل
(The boy who ( that ) I talked to was smart. يأتي بعدها فاعل
تحل محل المفعول العاقل ويتبعه فاعل وفعل وممكن ان يأتي قبله حرف جر 2- ( Whom )
(My grandfather is the person who(m) I like best .
(This is the girl whom / that he saved. (The man who / whom / that I lived with was honest.
(The man with whom I lived was honest. ( ( who / that ) لانستخدم حرف جر قبل .
3 – ( Which / that ) تحل محل الفاعل أو المفعول الغير عاقل
(English is the subject which I like best of all the subjects at school .
(Marwa bought a mobile which / that was expensive.
( I killed the dog which ( that ) bit my son
( The car , which I saw yesterday , was expensive.
that قبل ضمير الوصل لانستخدم comma عند وجود
تحل محل الملكية their - his – her – our- 's ) ) للعاقل وغير العاقل ويتبعها اسم 4 – Whose
( The cat whose tail was long ate the fish. (I know a boy whose father is an engineer.
تحل محل المكان ومعناها حيث = ( in / at which ) 5 Where
(This is the house where we live. (This is the house in which we live.
(This is the house which we live in. (This is the house we live in (This is the school where we learn (This is the place where we had a picnic last year .
تحل محل الوقت أو الزمن = ( in / on / at which ) 6 – When
(Ramadan is the month . We fast in it./ (Ramadan is the month when we fast.
(July is the month when he was born.
(July is the month in which he was born.
حذف ضمير الوصل
1 – يتم حذف كل من اذا كان مفعولا ( who – which – whom )
(This is the man who I met yesterday . ( This is the man I met yesterday .
2 – إذا جاء بعدهم زمن مستمر وهنا نحذف الضمير و (verb to be ) ويتبقى (v + ing )
(The man who is standing there is my friend. (The man standing there is my friend.
3 – إذا جاء بعدهم صيغة مبنى للمجهول وهنا نحذف أيضا الضمير و ( verb to be ) ويبقي التصريف الثالث
(The thief who was arrested yesterday, robbed the bank.
(The thief, arrested yesterday , robbed the bank. ( I like the plays written by Shakespeare
4- نختصر جملة الوصل باستخدام صفة قبل الاسم
( The shirt which I bought was made of silk . (I bought a silk shirt .
(The lady who I met had blonde hair . ( I met a lady with blonde hair
Mr: Hesham
11
Phobia
11
Unit 15
phobiaخوف / فوبيا
stoneحجر
in sessionمنعقد
relaxيسترخي / يهدأ
fearالخوف
rockصخرة
situationموقف
pickيلتقط
dizzyمصاب بدوار
injuredمصاب
therapistالمعالج
expertخبير
get overيشفي / يتغلب
injuryإصابة
virtueفضيلة
percentفي المائة
panicرعب / يفزع
holeحفرة / ثقب
virtualافتراضي
sufferيعاني
avoidيتجنب
scoreيسجل
heightطول / ارتفاع
sufferingمعاناة
avoidanceاجتناب
goal هدف
reasonسبب
remindيذكر
spiderعنكبوت
aimهدف / يهدف
causeيسبب / سبب
failيفشل
webشبكة / نسيج
targetهدف
treatيعامل / يعالج
failureالفشل
buildingsمباني
dryجاف
treatmentعلاج
disappointedمحبط
dollدمية / عروسة
droughtالجفاف
patientمريض / صبور
disappointment خيبة
overcrowdedمزدحم
drynessجفاف
patienceالصبر
informيبلغ
spaceفضاء / فراغ
rainمطر / تمطر
hurtيصيب / يؤذي
questionnaireاستبيان
spacious واسع / فسيح
dustتراب / غبار
harmضرر/ أذي
nervousعصبي
sharksسمك القرش
dustyمترب / غباري
harmfulمؤذي / ضار
nervesأعصاب
darkمظلم
dusterمنفضة
assistantمساعد / بائع
take offتقلع
lightضوء / خفيف
ownيمتلك
assistيساعد
landتهبط
lightenيضيء / ينير
affectيؤثر علي
assertيؤكد
cloudyكثير السحب
ancientقديم
effectتأثير
customer زبون / عميل
make notesيدون أفكار
hateيكره
rationalعقلاني / منطقي
frightened ofخائف من
exchangeيتبادل
hatredكراهية
irrationalغير عقلاني
bridgeجسر / كوبري
changeيغير
birthميلاد
sessionجلسة
remainsاثار / بقايا
convertيحول
enforceيفرض بالقوة
fairعادل
harshقاسي \ مؤلم
trialمحاكمة /محاولة
sentenceيحكم علي
legalقانوني /شرعي
seriousجاد \ خطير
lawقانون
Definition
phobia
A strong unreasonable fear of something
panic
A feeling of fear that makes you unable to think clearly.
space
Amount of an area that's empty or available to be used.
disappoint
To make someone unhappy as something good that is hoped didn't happen.
questionnaire
A set of written questions answered by people to provide information.
session
A period of time used for a particular purpose.
therapist
Someone whose job is to do a particular type of therapy.
virtual
Used to say that something is almost true.
treatment
A cure for an illness or injury.
irrational
Not reasonable.
doll
A small toy in the shape of a person.
patient
A sick person.
Language notes
(Treat ( يعالج مرض ) This medicine will treat your cough.
(Heal ( يلتئم للجروح ) Your wounds will heal after using this ointment مرهم .
(Lose يفقد – يخسر He lost his money / Our team lost the match / I lost my temper
(Waste يضيع – يبذر Don’t waste your time / He wasted his money .
(Miss يفتقد He missed the bus / She missed her friends / He missed his lecture .
(Phobia خوف مرضي I have a phobia about ( of )the heights ) .
(I have a nightmare كابوس ( bad dream )
(What do you think of traveling on the underground .
(Believe in yourself = Be confident of yourself.
Mr: Hesham
12
P Possibility and deduction
12
Unit 15
( في حالة التعبير عن الاستنتاج في المضارع نستخدم:
( When we are sure about something, we use : ( must + infinitive )في الإثبات
(Ali must be happy. He has just won a gold medal.
(Nadia lived in England for 20 years, so she must speak English well
(I'm sure she is blind = She must be blind
( When we are sure about something, we use : ( can't + infinitive )في النفي
(He can’t be cold. He isn’t wearing a jacket
(I'm sure, he isn't the killer. = He can't be the killer
( I am certain that he isn’t clever. He can’t be clever.
( I am not sure / It is possible( probable ) / I have no idea / I don't know = might + المصدر
It is probable that he will pass the exam . = He might pass the exam
( Perhaps she speaks German well. She may speak German well.
The tourist might beAmeri can because he has an English guidebook
.( أحيانا يمكن أن تعبر الجملة عن الاستمرار وفي هذه الحالة نستخدم:
( What is Ali doing in his room? I'm not sure. He might be studying.
( What is Linda doing? She must be working on her computer.
( في حالة الاستنتاج في الماضي:
( Must have + PP. تعبر عن استنتاج مثبت مؤكد في الماضي
(It must have been cold there. There is snow on the ground in the photo.
(The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.
(Can’t have + PP. تعبر عن استنتاج منفي مؤكد في الماضي
( He was here a minute ago. He can’t have gone too far.
(They can’t have had lunch. Their food is in the fridge
(Might have + PP . تعبر عن شيء أقل احتمالا في الحدوث
( I lost my mobile at school. I hope someone might have found it
(I can’t find my book. I might have left it at home.
(We didn’t see Tarek at the sports club today. He might not have been there
.( وإذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن الاستمرار نستخدم:
( What was he doing in the early morning? He must have been doing the exercises.
( The light was on in his room after midnight He must have been studying.
I've no idea if it had rained. ( might ) It might have rained….
( تستخدم should /ought to / had better/ is supposed to + inf. عادة للتعبير عن النصيحة:
(In summer, tourists should wear a hat ( You ought not to sit in the sun
. ( You had better not look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
( تستخدم should have + PP. للتعبير عن أن شيء كان يجب أن يحدث وتفيد اللوم :
(You shouldn’t have arrived late for your exam ( I’m sorry! I ought to have come-on time.
(You should have done your homework ( You shouldn't have parked your car here.
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Language Functions
Guessing and deducing information
(I think they must have ( built it to make travelling by sea easier ).
(Well, they might have used (thousands of workers).
(I'm sure it can't have been easy.
(Surely, it must have cost a lot of money.
Mr: Hesham
13
Todays world problems
13
Unit 16
diversity
تنوع
get rid of
يتخلص من
percent
في المائة
quarter
ربع
bio
حيوي
insects
حشرات
achieve
يحقق
products
منتجات
species
جنس
die of
يموت من
survive
يبقي حياً
secondly
ثانيا
remote
بعيد
cut down
يقطع
feed
يطعم
store
يخزن
extinct
منقرض
forest
غابة
population
السكان
reclaim
يستصلح
disappear
يختفي
protect
يحمي
uncertain
غير مؤكد
hectare
هكتار
activities
انشطة
in danger
في خطر
production
الانتاج
process
عملية
a role
دور
climate
مناخ
growth
النمو
develop
ينمي
ecosystem
نظام بيئي
change
تغير
shortage
نقص
define
يعرف
certain
معين
matter
يهم
suitable
مناسب
definition
تعريف
discover
يكتشف
Text
نص
polar
قطبي
litter
زبالة
human
انسان
reasons
أسباب
bear
دب
waste
مخلفات
agricultural
زراعي
raise
يربي
Arctic
القطب الشمالي
argue
يجادل
recycle
يدور
electric
كهربائي
function
وظيفة
habitat
موطن
التعريفات Definitions
species
Group of animals or plants of the same kind .
ecosystem
The animals and plants in an area and their relation to each other.
get rid of
Throw away, sell something so that you dont have it any more.
extinct
Describing an animal or plant that no longer exists.
habitats
Natural environment in which a plant or animal lives
climate change
Changes to the weather patterns because of the increases of co2/
threat
Something that may case damage to a person or a thing.
Survive
Continue to live or exist in a difficult situation .
agricultural
Related to the work of growing crops and keeping animals on farms.
hectare
A unit of measuring an area of land , equal to 10-000 square metres.
process
A series of things you do to achieve a particular result.
production
The process of making or growing things , or the amount thats produced
store
To put things away and keep them until you need them
suitable
Right or acceptable for a particular purpose or situation.
Focus on phrases with keep
Keep up with
يساير - يجاري
Keep in
يحتجز شخصا ما
Keep on
يستمر في
Keep out of
يمنع شخص من
Keep up
يواصل – يواظب – يواصل العمل الجيد
Keep off
يمنع – يبعد عن
(I watch TV to keep up with the current events. (He kept on making mistakes
(Keep up the good work. ( Keep the bad boys in
(They are good girls who try to keep out of troubles. ( keep off the grass.
Expressions and prepositions
Suitable for
مناسب لـ
useful for
مفيد لـ
Shortage of
نقص في
Turn into
يتحول لـ
Answer to
إجابة لـ
Cut down
يرشد – يقطع
Raise animals
يربي حيوانات
Become worse
تزداد سوءا
Do a project
يعمل مشروع
Make suggestion
يقدم اقتراح
Biodiversity
عدد النباتات والحيوانات
On the other side
علي الجانب الآخر
Turn desert into
يحول الصحراء الي
Less productive
اقل انتاجية
Mr: Hesham
14
Future Perfect المستقبل التام
14
Unit 16
يتكون المستقبل التام من :
Will have +pp التصريف الثالث // ( will have been + pp التصريف الثالث
يدل المستقبل التام علي انتهاء فعل في المستقبل
( by + a period of time ) أو ( in + two years' time ) لاحظ استخدام المستقبل التام مع الآتي (
( By the year 2100, millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been saved.
( By 2050, the world population will have grown to about nine billion.
( By the time she marries , she will have graduated
(The project will have been finished by 2020.
(The house will have been built by next month.
(The bridge will have been built in three months' time
( My will have prepared lunch by 1.00 o'clock.
في المستقبل التام ( In – on – at يحل محل حروف الجر ( ( by )لاحظ ان حرف الجر
( My friend will have graduated by August .
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
( I will build a house in May.المستقبل البسيط يعبر عن بداية الحدث
( I will be studying English at this time tomorrow .المستقبل المستمر يعبر عن استمرار فعل في المستقبل
( I will have decorated the flat by Octtober.المستقبل التام يعبر عن انتهاء حدث في المستقبل
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The Causative with have and get
لنقول ان شخص آخر قام بالفعل ( have ( get ) +المفعول +التصريف الثالث )نستخدم هذا التعبير
(I don’t cut my hair. I have my hair cut.
= My hair is cut by the barber
(Dina has the flat cleaned every week
= Dina's flat is cleaned every week by someone else.
(Do you usually get your room cleaned ? No, I clean it myself.
(Before the meeting, the manager always gets the reports typed
( I didn't have my car washed yesterday .
(We can’t go into the living room because we are having it decorated
ألسببي يساوي المبني للمجهول ويمكن استخدامهما في أي زمن ( get / have ) استخدام
( After I had had my hair cut , I had a shower.
( While I was getting my mobile fixed , I drank some coffee .
(We always get our clothes washed. (Our clothes are washed for us.)
(I had my teeth checked yesterday. (My teeth were checked yesterday.)
(Ali is getting his car repaired. (Ali’s car is being repaired.)
(Did you have your meal prepared?
(They had the mobile phone mast turned on.
(هذا التركيب يعني أن شخصا آخر غير الفاعل هو الذي قام بالفعل: { Have ( get )+ object + pp }
(Did you paint the house yourself? ( No, I had it painted.
( The barber is going to cut my hair. ( I am going to get my hair cut.
Making Suggestions
How / What about …..? Why don’t we ……..? Shall we ……..? Let’s ………..You could ………
That’s a great idea عند قبول الاقتراح / Sorry , I am busy or I’m not keen on …… عند الرفض
Mr: Hesham
15
Conan Doyle
15
Unit 17
بوليس سري detective
إصابةinjury
يتحرى investigate
يحدث take place
الأدبliterature
إبداع creation
تحري investigation
غليون للتدخين pipe
قائم علي on based
سلسلةseries
محيرperplexing
يمحو wipe
يزين decorate
يرتكب commit
إسطورة legend
مندهشsurprised
صاحبة عقار landlady
نصير / مشجع fan
اسطوريlegendary
قائم علي based on
يحل solve
معروف / جميل favour
خائف frightened
يصعد go up
وصف description
طابق floor
قلق worried
يشبه take after
خيالي fictional
صحبة company
مرعوب terrified
يشبه look like
بدني physical
حدث action
يتلفdamage
يدفع لأجل pay for
تعبير expression
كلب صيد hound
ضخم enormous
الدفع payment
شخصياتcharacters
يورث inherit
يخمن guess
يطلب ask for
ملاحظةobservation
ميراث inheritance
يطعم feed
يكسر / فسحة break
مشهدscene
وريث an heir
يدرب train
يلوم blame
جريمة crime
عقيدة belief
متضايق bored
يهتم / رعاية care
يحمي protect
بري / وحشيwild
ممل boring
مهملcareless
حماية protection
الجوع hunger
ملل boredom
خطأ fault
مجرم criminal
يغرق drown
يفسر explain
يوعد / وعد promise
سر غامض mystery
آثار قدم footprints
تفسير explanation
يتوقعexpect
غامض mysterious
بصمات fingerprints
متحير puzzled
الأمية illiteracy
مصاب injured
عادي ordinary
يتبادل exchange
شخص أمي illiterate
Definition
based on
used particular information or facts as a point to develop an idea or a plan
crime
an illegal action that can be punished by law.
decorate
to put new paint or paper on the walls of a room or a building.
detective
a police officer whose job is to discover the person who commits a crime.
landlady
a woman that you rent a room or a house from.
Scene
a short part of a play or a film, when the events happen in one place.
Inherit
To receive money , propertyعقار from a relative who had died
injury
A physical harm that someone suffers from an accident or attack
legend
An old story often about brave people and their adventures.
physical
Relating to someone’s body rather than their mind
investigate
To find out about something such as a crime or an accident.
face
The front part of your head, where your eyes , nose and mouth are
shoot
To kill or injure someone with a gun
terrified
Very frightened
expression
a look on someone’s face.
hound
A dog used for hunting
solve
to find an answer to a problem.
fictional
not real , imaginary
Expressions
Die of يموت من
believe in يؤمن بـ
break into يقتحم مكان
go up يصعد
Laugh atيسخر من
models ofنماذج من
instead of بدلاً من
pay for يدفع لـ
Belong to ينتمي الي
worried about قلق علي
steal from يسرق من
ask for يطلب
Example ofمثال لـ
welcome to مرحبا بـ
near to بالقرب من
sit on يجلس علي
Pay someone a visit
يزور شخصاً ما
solve a crime
يحل جريمة
(arrive on the scene of the crimeيصل الي مشهد الجريمة
(With a terrified expression on his face تعبير مروع علي وجهه
Mr: Hesham
16
The Passive المبني للمجهول
16
Unit 17
زمن أو حالة الفعل في ( be طريقة التحويل : 1- المفعول فاعل والعكس 2 – نضع (
3 – التصريف الثالث للفعل الأساسي Active : The maid keeps the house clean. Passive :The house is kept clean by the maid
Active : She cleaned the room. Passive : The room was cleaned by her.
Active : They are playing football. Passive : Football is being played by them.
Active : I have been reading this story. Passive : This story has been read by me.
Active : We will have to cancel the flight. Passive : The flight will have to be cancelled.
Active : We will start to build a new house . Passive : A new house will start to be built .
Active : I don't understand what he said . Passive ; What he said isn't understood by me .
لاحـــظ :ـ طـريقـة تحـويـــل الجمـــل الآتيـة إلـى المبنـى للمجهـــول .
Active : I don’t like people deceiving me. Passive : I don’t like being deceived .
The thief killed the woman and ran away. The woman was killed by the thief who ran away.
Active : Nobody helped them. Passive : They were not helped by anybody.
Active : I don't like people cheating me. Passive: I don't like being cheated by people .
الأفعـال التى يليها المصـدر بـدون to فى للمجهــول يأتي بعــدها ( المصـدر + to ) .
Active : He made us leave. Passive : We were made to leave.
Active : I let Ahmed go out . Passive : Ahmed was allowed to go out.
إذا جــاء الفاعـل والمفعـول واحـد فى الجمـلة نستخـدم ضميـر عاكـس .
Active : He made other people laugh at him. Passive : He made himself be laughed at.
الفعــل have لا يبنـى للمجهـــول ويحـــول إلـى ما يســاويــه فـى المعنــى .
Have = own – possess – belong to – suffer – eat – buy – spend – take
Active : I have a car . Passive : A car is ( possessed – owned ) by me.
إذا وجـد بالجمـلة مفعـولين استخدم أي منهما فاعـلا وإذا بدأت بالمفعـول غيـر العاقـل نستخـدم to – for .
Active : I gave them the good presents
Passive : They were given the good presents. Or The good presents were given to them.
تحـول الأفعال اللازمة يتم بطريقتين كالاني
It is + pp + that + ( sentence ) / فاعل الجملة الثانية + ( be ) + pp + to + مصـدر
ضمير ـ اسـم + ( be ) + pp + to + have + pp ( في الماضي )
Active : People expect that he will win the Nobel Prize.
It is expected that he will win the Nobel Prize. He is expected to win the Nobel Prize.
Active : We think that she was late Passive : She is thought to have been late .
Say – think believe – consider – know – claim – announce – report – allege – expect – deny
الجمـلة الاستفهامية
(Do people speak Arabic all over the world ?
( Is Arabic spoken all over the world ?
(Where did he hide the book ? ( Where was the book hidden by him ?
( Who speaks English ? ( Who is English spoken by ?
( Who did you meet yesterday ? ( Who was met by you yesterday ?
الجمــلة الأمــــــرية
( Let + ( objectالمفعول ) + be + pp في الإثبات
Open the door / Let the door be opened
( Don't let + ( objectالمفعول ) + be + ppفي النفي
Don't waste your time /
Don't let your time be wasted
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